Which factor is often linked to corruption in civil service?

The link between corruption in civil service and a lack of proper oversight and accountability is well-established. This absence creates an environment where unethical practices can thrive unchecked. Without adequate monitoring, individuals in positions of power may exploit their authority for personal gain, leading to corruption. Proper oversight functions as a deterrent, ensuring that officials act within the bounds of the law and ethical guidelines. When accountability measures are weak or nonexistent, the likelihood of corrupt behaviors increases significantly, as there is little fear of repercussions.

In contrast, high levels of transparency, increased public participation, and strict adherence to ethical standards generally contribute to reducing corruption. Transparency allows for public scrutiny of government actions, fostering trust and accountability. Public participation encourages citizens to engage in governmental processes, holding officials accountable through active involvement. Adhering to strict ethical standards provides a clear framework for expected behavior, thereby reducing the risk of corrupt actions.